Cellulitis, abscess, cutaneous ulcer disease, necrotizing fasciitis

Patient Population:
Adult

These empiric therapy recommendations are an excerpt from the full guidelines on Skin and Skin Structure Infection (SSTI) and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection (NSTI). Please refer to those guidelines for full details

Management of Recurrent SSTI is also discussed separately in those guidelines

DiagnosisCommon PathogensDrug(s) of First ChoiceAlternative Drug(s)CommentsExpected Duration
Non-purulent SSTI (hospitalized) (Cellulitis/erysipelas)Group A StrepCefazolin

Cephalosporin allergy or SJS/TEN or DRESS to Penicillins (see allergy guidelines):

Vancomycin

Most patients with penicillin allergies can safely receive Cefazolin

Cephalexin recommended for oral step down

Consider changing to Vancomycin if not responding, as well as imaging for abscess, and considering alternative diagnoses

5 days

Non-purulent SSTI (outpatient)

(Cellulitis/erysipelas)

Group A StrepCephalexin

Beta-lactam allergy:

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

 5 days
Purulent SSTI (hospitalized) (Abscess/Pustule)

Staph aureus

Group A Strep

VancomycinVancomycin intolerance/allergy (rare): Linezolid

Drainage of abscess recommended if feasible

Oral step down based on culture data, if no culture data available: Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole or Clindamycin 

5 Days
Purulent SSTI (outpatient) (Abscess/Pustule)

Staph aureus

Group A Strep

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Sulfa allergy:

Linezolid

Drainage of abscess recommended if feasible. Target culture data if available5 days

Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection (NSTI)

See linked guidelines

Group A Strep

Mixed infection

Staph aureus

Clostridium sp.

Linezolid

PLUS

Piperacillin-Tazobactam

Penicillin allergy: Linezolid

PLUS Ceftriaxone

PLUS Metronidazole

Cephalosporin allergy or SJS/TEN or DRESS to Penicillins:

Linezolid

PLUS Aztreonam

PLUS Metronidazole

Surgical management is critical to control of infection. Consult appropriate surgical service and infectious diseases

Linezolid used for anti-toxin effect in light of rising Group A Strep resistance to Clindamycin

See full Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection Guidelines for further details, including de-escalation of anti-toxin agent and antimicrobial step down based on culture data

5 days after final debridement; minimum 7 days total (see guidelines)
Lower Extremity Ulcerative SSTISee full SSTI Guidelines

 

 

See respective guidelines (linked above)